Pencil production process pdf

For example, if you are a pencil maker, you need an eraser for each pencil you make. Manufacturing process of a ballpoint pen by mitchell. The design and manufacture of mass production equipment. Find here a detailed rubber eraser manufacturing business plan guide with machine, manufacturing process, raw materials. How ballpoint pen is made material, manufacture, making. From wikipedia prior to 1565 some sources say as early as 1500, a large deposit of graphite was discovered on the approach to grey knotts from the hamlet of seathwaite in borrowdale parish, cumbria, england.

In addition, decant the filtrate and dry the pressed cake in a baking oven. In light of edge, shadow, and shading information conveyance, our pencil drawing system establishes a style that artists use to understand visual data and draw them. Value analysis is the study of existing process to reduce the cost incurred on the manufacturing of a product through process reengineering or. Feb 10, 2015 residual graphite from a pencil stick is not poisonous, and graphite is harmless if consumed. The goals for autosprout are to fully automate the. Our story of how cedar pencils are made is a celebration of timehonored traditions married to modern manufacturing facilities. Manufacturing process of pencils is not very complicated. On the whole, the process is not only efficient, because all parts of the tree are used but also ecofriendly. Groover and lead layer linked in a single process steps 4 to 6. The chemistry and manufacturing of the lead pencil. Find out how staedtler make their pencils in this behind the scenes look at the production process. Read about the famous essay i, pencil to learn more about the important economic principal of specialization of production and how free market pricing system leads to. I started to think of what could i do for the practical part of my project. You will take three different paperand pencil tests.

Wood softwood softwoods are coniferous trees, such as pines or spruces. How pencil is made material, manufacture, making, history. Manufacturing process of conventional lead pencil is analyzed to apply the value analysis. The invention discloses a manufacturing method for a pencil. Process now that most commercially used graphite is made in factories rather than mined, manufacturers are able to easily control its density.

The aim of this study is to analyze the prospect of cost reduction through value analysis technique. This attractive machined piece, that will attract lots of attention, is milled from a blank using a sinumerik control system equipped with shopmill. The pencil graphite leads are composite materials containing graphite. Environmental impact to overcome some environmental problems created on the production process and the wastes during production additional investment for environmental protection of about birr 150,000. Us4017451a pencil lead and manufacturing method of the. A pencil lead containing flake graphite which has an ab face having a flatness of at least 2. Faber castell since 1761 a brief history of the pencil 21st century grip 2001, the millennium pencil 20th century castell 9000, the company flagship 17th century the oldest graphite pencil. Aug 29, 2018 still, classical strain improvement has been the mainstay of penicillin production.

So, for decisionmaking purposes, costs are categorized as either fixed or variable. For the manufacture of lead, you will need to mix the highgrade graphite powder with ball clay in the required proportion. Need for a production drawing the graphic representation of a product, starts at the transformation stage of ideas into a drawing by a design engineer. Enironmental impacts of pencil manufacturing most serious least serious evaluate the balance of positive and negative consequences of the project main difficulties this sac was challenging at first to find information on the life cycle of a grey lead pencil. The original assembly process was slow and required a.

The finished pencil are then inspected and graded, and then packed for dispatch. He was an inventor and machinist and acquired 28 patents for improved machinery and. Which of the factors on your poster do you think are the most expensive for the entrepreneur to pay for in the production process. A new shock wave generator has been designed, fabricated and tested for preservative impregnation studies into wood slats used for manufacturing pencils in the shock waves laboratory, iisc. The overall purpose of a life cycle analysis is to measure potential impact, but it can also be a trigger for a completely new way for businesses to think. The manufacturing method for the pencil comprises the following steps of. The picture shows how pencils are produced from logs and leads. Process with pencil and paper, produce with technology edutopia. A pencil is a writing implement or art medium constructed of a narrow, solid pigment core inside a protective casing which prevents the core from being broken andor from leaving marks on the usershand during use. Then charge it into a ball mill with sufficient quantity of water for wet grinding. Practical solutions to environmental problems how pencils. Combining sketch and tone for pencil drawing production. Mallett, deputy secretary economics and statistics administration robert j. The manufacturing process now that most commercially used graphite is made in factories rather than mined, manufacturers are able to easily control its density.

The core of a pencil, confusingly named the lead, is formed from a naturally. Practical solutions to environmental problems how pencils are made module 6 module 6. Lifecycle assessment lca also called lifecycle analysis is a tool for examining the total environmental impact of a product through every step of its life from obtaining raw materials all the way through making it in a factory, selling it in a store, using it in the workplace or at home, and disposing of it. Once the pen as been assembled, it is inspected and moves on to packaging. The pencil holder is an individual, graceful object for your desk. For raw materials to be used, quantities to be used and ingredients usage rankings, you should look into this formulation. Npr ed the classroom writing implement has roots in exploding stars, the french revolution, the british crown jewels and walden pond. Manufacturing process of a ballpoint pen making the ink raw materials are mixed together to follow a formula in a controlled area to produce batches of ink. Inform the students that entrepreneurs consider many issues when making decisions regarding what factors to use and how much of each factor. The graphite is mixed with clay according to the type of pencil being madethe more graphite used, the softer the pencil, and the darker its line. The cost pressure from the large retailers drives producers towards an obsessive focus on the economics of pencil production. Ballpoint pen technology has improved greatly since the time of louds first patented invention. Production of pencil case editable flowchart template on.

Just as with any other manufactured products, the economics of pencil manufacturing are driven by a number of factors. For the production, there is need usable and tried a formulation, raw materials and mixing tank. Manufacturing process of a ballpoint pen by mitchell neal. Munroes method of making pencils was painstakingly slow, and in the neighbouring town of acton, a pencil mill owner named ebenezer wood set out to automate the process at his own pencil mill located at nashoba brook. Over the last 20 years, this has resulted in a reduction in the general quality of pencils and outsourcing overseas while cutting marketing support dollars and manpower devoted to thinking creatively about pencils. This page contains sites providing information on how to make paper, papermaking, pulp making, process of making paper, history of paper, paper manufacturing process, how paper is made or processing, paper recycling andor converting.

When these materials are set, it is production proper. At the pencil factory a groover machine cuts grooves into the slats to accept the writing core or lead. The science behind the pencil eraser is simple the stickiness of the erasers molecules is greater than that of the papers molecules and therefore the graphite marks made by the pencil are lifted from the page. Basically, a rubber eraser is an important item for the students. A production drawing is a complete working drawing, representing all the details of the product, regarding size, shape, material, process, tools and equipment. Leonard reads delightful story, i, pencil, has become a classic, and deservedly so. Eraser making business manufacturing process business. The design and manufacture of mass production equipment for a. How a pencil is made a behind the scenes look at the faber. Apr 20, 2016 process with paper and pencil, and produce with technology. A wide variety of pencil production line options are available to you, such as product type, certification, and processing type. A plastic pencil comprising a writing core, an interlayer coating material placed about. The amplification of the penicillin biosynthetic gene cluster between tandem repeats represents one of the most. Manufacture of pencils in india economic and political weekly.

Apr 05, 2020 these drawings provide the exact measurements for the different components of the pencil, ranging from the barrel size to the mechanism used to control the pencil lead. This particular deposit of graphite was extremely pure and. Their version was a flat, oval, more compact type of pencil. Basically, eraser helps to remove pencil and sometimes pen writings. This method is expected to result in substantial reduction in the treatment process time compared to conventional methods that are currently being used by the pencil manufacturing industry. Ielts process diagram pencil manufacturing quizlet. The journey begins at a sawmill, where incensecedar logs are cut into lumber called pencil stock or pencil squares. Variable costs are those costs that vary directly with the amount of production.

Future research will focus on developing new inks and better designed pens that are more comfortable and longer lasting. A recent paper in surface science examined the structure and properties of graphite. Modern pencil erasers are made from a range of materials including plastic and foam. While i was watching them, i wrote as much as i could down. He constructed the first of the hexagon and octagonshaped wooden casings. Our history dates back to 1860 when edward weissenborn founded the american lead pencil co. The cedar is harvested and the logs are sawed into rectangular blocks called pencil stock which are sent to slat factories. However, it laid a foundation to design the automated process described in this thesis. Examines the history of writing and the production process of the modern pencil. Graphite is used to make the writing cores of pencils. Standard clamping jaws are used to fix it in place when milling. The locals found that it was very useful for marking sheep.

A process for manufacturing a plastic pencil comprising the steps of. The compass that guides my direction regarding the paper pencil vs. Plant technician skills and abilities practice test overview welcome to the plant technician skills and abilities practice test. He used the first circular saw in pencil production. In 1861, eberhard faber built the united states first pencilmaking factory in new. How pencil is made material, manufacture, making, history, used.

Jan 10, 2018 inside nigerias first pencil and toothpick factory victor ekwealor january 10, 2018 in the second quarter of 2017, akwa ibom state governor, udom gabriel emmanuel, commissioned the akees pencil and toothpick factory. Us8349063b2 pencil lead and production process for the same. Use pdf export for high quality prints and svg export for large sharp images or embed your diagrams anywhere with the creately viewer. How a pencil is made a behind the scenes look at the. It is formed from twodimensional sheets, each just one atom thick, stacked one above the other like a block of paper.

We take pride in handcrafting quality pencils and artist materials using traditional methods passed down for six generations. At the slat factory the blocks are cut into whats called pencil slats, thin slices of the wooden blocks about 18. This breakthrough ended the british monopoly on quality pencil production. Wooden pencil manufacturing process for the manufacture of lead, you will need to mix the highgrade graphite powder with ball clay in the required proportion. The pencil making process our story of how cedar pencils are made is a celebration of timehonored traditions married to modern manufacturing facilities. Apart from newspapers, other materials needed in pencil production include. Wooden pencil manufacturing profitable business idea. What is the process flow sheet diagram of polymer pencil manufacturing project. The wood encases the graphite, making it easier for the writer to hold.

Pdf value analysis for cost reduction in lead pencil. Manufacturing and construction division 3014574673 service sector statistics division 3014572668 historical information the economic census has been taken as an integrated program at 5year intervals since 1967 and before that for 1954, 1958, and 1963. Mar 03, 2015 i, pencil, seemingly simple though i am, offer the miracle of my creation as testimony that this is a practical faith, as practical as the sun, the rain, a cedar tree, the good earth. Additionally, manufacturers will strive to produce higher quality products at the lowest possible cost. How a pencil is made we take pride in handcrafting quality pencils and artist materials using traditional methods passed down for six generations. Prior knowledge on pencil drawing is also incorporated, making the two basic functions robust against noise, strong texture, and significant illumination variation. Profile on the production of pencil precise consult international. The following diagram shows how pencils are manufactured. In the manual assembly process, these specification details are provided to the different part manufacturing firms so that they can provide the cost and timeline to the assembly.

Graphite is much softer than diamond, the other wellknown, naturallyoccurring form of carbon. The pencil making plant consists of the following processes. You can edit this template and create your own diagram. The purpose of this practice test is to help you get used to the questions on the tests that you will take and the speed at which you will need to work. Cedar wood is most commonly used in pencil production. Manufacturing process of conventional lead pencil is analyzed to apply the value analysis technique in order to reduce cost. Application of shock waves in pencil manufacturing industry.

Taylor, section chiefs, performed overall coordination of the publication process. Conte, who was also a chemist further developed this manufacturing process, realising that using different quantities of clay and graphite would result in a harder or softer pencil mark which is seen today in the. Oct 31, 2014 practical solutions to environmental problems how pencils are made module 6 module 6. Wood holders added around 1560, an italian couple named simonio and lyndiana bernacotti made what are likely the first blueprints for the modern, woodencased carpentry pencil. In addition, decant the filtrate and dry the pressed cake in. I, pencil, seemingly simple though i am, offer the miracle of my creation as testimony that this is a practical faith, as practical as the sun, the rain, a cedar tree, the good earth. Prior to that time, individual components of the economic census were taken separately at. Pen and mechanical pencil manufacturing 1997 economic census manufacturing industry series 1997 issued august 1999 ec97m3399h u. The slats pass through a final inspection process and then are packaged and shipped to pencil factories all over the world. Process and formulation for a plastic pencil patel hemant. Material description graphite a gray to black, opaque mineral that is soft enough to leave a black mark. Apr 07, 2011 find out how staedtler make their pencils in this behind the scenes look at the production process. Creately diagrams can be exported and added to word, ppt powerpoint, excel, visio or any other document. These drawings provide the exact measurements for the different components of the pencil, ranging from the barrel size to the mechanism used to control the pencil lead.